Latest Inventions / Discoveries in Science

Substitute for human skin developed—
Israeli surgeons have now developed a successful, safe and effective substitute for the human skin which in expected to find used market soon. The artificial skin called the 'Omiderm' in thin plastic transparent sheet.

Artificial corneas developed—
For the first time in the history of medical science lab grown corneas, which could restore the sight of blind people have been developed by scientists in the United States.

Scientists Discover Fern that Suck up Arsenic—
As per reports dated Feb., 1, 2001, U.S. Scientists have found a fern that sucks up arsenic holding out the prospect of a fast, cheap and safe way of cleaning up contaminated mines and industrial sites.

World's First Rain-making Machine—
Professor Stephan Salter at Scotland's Edinburgh University has been awarded a government grant to develop the world's first rain-making machine. Prof. Salter will create 200-foot high turbine to suck water out of sea and turn it into water vapours through noozles, spraying it up into the atmosphere. The rain maker, described as looking like 'giant eggheater', would be based on Catamarans' and placed off the coast of desert land.

Vegetable Salt—
Researchers at the Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute at Bhavnagar (Gujarat) have succeded in producing salt from a vegetable plant. Named 'Saloni', it contains several important nutrients not normally found in sea salt. The institute has applied for an international patent.

World's First Remote Surgery—
Australia's top kidney specialist Dr. David Nicol of Brisbane's Princess Alexandera Hospital helped doctors in New Zealand to carry out a delicate operation, removal of a diseased kidney from a woman, using advanced digital conferencing technology and remote control cameras to talk to his New Zealand counterparts throughout the operation.

The First Artificial Structure—
A team of researchers led by David Baker of Howerd Hughes Medical Institute at the University of Washington, USA has recently developed a novel functional 93- amino acid protein structure called Top-7. It is the first artificial protein structure designed and developed by scientists. As experts believe, this feat will go a long way in enabling scientists to have answers to some mind-boggling questions regarding the evolution of proteins as well as the process of a certain protein folding over others.

Mice Created in Lab without Genetic Fathers—
As per reports published in the April issue of Nature, a team of Japanese scientists led by Tamohiro Kono of the Tokyo University has succeeded in creating mice by using two genetic mothers and no father. It has been referred to as an unprecedented land mark in the sphere of genetic research as far as mammals are concerned.

Particle Collider Test Successfully Conducted—
The world's largest particle Collider passed its first major test by firing two beams of protons in opposite directions around a 17 mile (27 km) underground ring on September 10, 2008 at the control centre of the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in what scientist believe could give a better understanding of origin and make up of the Universe. After a series of trial runs two white dots flashed on a computer screen indicating that the protons had travelled clockwise along the full length of the 4 billion Swiss francs ($ 3·8 billion) Large Hadron Collider, described as the biggest physics experiment in history. Physicists around the world now have much greater power to smash the components of atoms together in attempts to learn about their structure. The European Organization for Nuclear Research known by its French acronym CERN began firing protons—a type of subatomic particles around the tunnel in stages with the first beam injection. Five hours later, a beam was fired counter-clockwise. The collider is designed to push the proton beam close to the speed of whizzing 11,000 times a second around the tunnel.

Inventions and Discoveries

Physics and Chemistry

Archimedes—Invention of the famous Archimedean law, discovery of the principles of lever and specific gravity.
Avogadro—An Italian scientists known for Avogadro's hypothesis.
Bacquarrel—Radio-activity of uranium.
Baird J.L.—Television.
Benjamin Franklin—Lightning conductor.
Bhabha H.J.—Research in cosmic rays and quantum theory.
Binet—Intelligence tests.
Bose, J.C.—Crescograph.
Bose, S.N.—Discovery of nuclear particles 'Boson'.
Bohr—Electron Theory, Atomic structure.
Bunsen—Spectroscope.
Bushwell—Submarine.
Carothers—Nylon Plastics.
Cavendish—Discovery of hydrogen, rare gases, chemical composition of water.
Charles Darwin—Theory of Evolution; Origin of Species.
Curie, Madame—Radium.
Dalton—Law of partial pressures; Atomic theory; laws of chemical combination; the law of multiple proportions.
Democritus—(Greek Philosopher)—Atomic theory.
Dewar—Thermos flask.
Einstein—Theory of relativity.
Euclid—Science of geometry.
Fahrenheit—Fahrenheit mercury thermometric scale in which freezing point is—32° and boiling point is 212°.
Farady—Electromagnetic induction and laws of electrolysis.
Fermi—Artificial splitting of atoms.
Freud—Psycho-analysis.
Gay Lussac—Law of gases.
Herschel. William—Discovered the planet Uranus.
Hertz—Electrical waves.
Hoffman—Aniline dye.
Kelvin, Lord—Dynamic theory of heat.
Khorana, Dr. Hargovind—Interpretation of genetic code.
Lawrence—Invention of cyclotron.
Lee de Forest—Talkies, radio, telephone.
Lockyer—Helium gas.
Louis Braille—Discovered and perfected his system of reading and writing for the blind.
Marconi—Wireless telegraphy, radio.
Maxwell—Electromagnetic theory of light.
Mendel—Laws of heredity.
Mendeleev—Periodic table.
Millikan, R.A.—Cosmic rays.
Newton—Laws of Motion, laws of gravitation.
Nobel—Dynamite.
Otto Hahn—Discovery of uranium fission.
Planck—Quantum theory.
Priestley—Discovery of oxygen.
Raman C.V.—'Raman Effect'.
Ramnathan—Molecular scattering of light in fluids.
Ramanujam—A great Indian mathematician.
Ramsay—Discovery of inert gases like Argon, Helium, Neon etc.
Robert Mallet—Seismograph.
Roger Bacon—Discovery of gun powder.
Rontgen—Discovery of X-rays.
Rutherford—Succeeded in splitting the atom for the first time.
Stephenson—British engineer-to put locomotive on the line.
Thomson J.J.—Discovered electron.
Urey—Discovery of Heavy Hydrogen.
Volta—Current electricity and electric battery.
Wadia D.N.—Meteorology.
Ykawa. Hideki—Meson.

Pioneers in Mechanical Inventions and Discoveries

Austin—Motor car.
Baird J.L.—Television.
Bell, Graham—Telephone.
Broquet—Helicopter.
Gutenburg—Printing Press.
Colt—Revolver.
Daimler—Gas engine, Automobile.
Davy—Miner's Safety Lamp.
Diesel—Internal combustion.
Edison—First electric bulb and gramophone.
Faraday—Dynamo.
Frank Whittle—Jet propulsion.
Franklin Benjamin—Lightning conductor.
Lippershe—Telescope.
James Puckle—Machine Gun.
Hoe—Rotary Printing Press.
James Watt—Steam engine (1769).
Macmillan—Bicycle (1842).
Mergenthaler—Linotype.
Montgolfer—Balloon (1883).
R.A. Watson Watt—Radar.
Sholes—Typewriter.
Stephenson—Railway engine.
Swinton—Military tank.
Torricelli—Barometer.
W. & O. Wright—Aeroplane.
Waterman—Fountain pen.
Whittle, Frank—Jet propulsion.
Zeis—Lenses, Camera.

Medical Inventions & Discoveries

Banting—Insulin (a cure for diabetes).
Bernard Christian—Replacing the human heart.
Brahmchari, U.M.—Cure of Kala-a-zar fever.
Domagk—Sulpha drugs as bactericides.
Fleming Alexander—Penicillin (in 1929).
Harvey—Circulation of blood.
Hahnemann—Founder of Homeopathy.
Hopkins. F.G.—Vitamin D.
Jenner—Smallpox Vaccination.
Koch Robert—Tubercle Bacillus.
Lainnec—Stethoscope.
Lister, Lord—Antiseptic surgery.
Pasteur Louis—Treatment of rabies; cure of hydrophobia.
Ronald Ross—Malaria parasite.
Salk Jonas E.—Anti-polio. Vaccine.
Simpson and Harrison—Chloroform.
Wakesman—Streptomycin.