BIOLOGY -Gk notes
Daily requirement of Vitamins for 13-14 years old boys and girls and their sources
Vitamin
Daily requirement/uses
Sources
Deficiency diseases
Vitamin A (Retinol)-
600 ųg-Excess Growth-stop mensuration
Green leafy vegetables, carrot, fish liver oil, liver
Night blindness.(Nyctalopia) SlkinDryness,
Xerophthalmia
Vitamin Bı(thiamine
1.2 mg (boys) 1.0 mg(girls)
Nerve Regulation
Milk, seafood, soyabean, whole cereals, green vegetables
Beriberi,Mascular weakness, swelling of heart
Vitamin B2(riboflavin)
1.6. mg (boys)1.4 mg(girls)
Maintenance of MuscousMembrane
Milk, peas, beans, yeast, meat, egg, green leafy vegetables
SkinLesions- Mouth Ulcer
vitamin B3(niacin)-16 mg(boys) 14 mg (girls)
Oxidative Metabolism of cells Meat, fish, fowl, potato, wholegrain, tomato, groundnut, green vegetables.
Pellagra
Folic acid-B6 Pyridoxine 50-100 mg
Green leafy vegetables, sprouted pulses
Skin Disorder, kidney stones
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
0.2-1.0 ųg
FormationofRBCFunction for nervous system
Meat, liver, milk
Aneamia
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)-
40 mg
Resists infection Citrus fruits, especially amla, lime, lime, lemon, orange, gooseberry, guava Scurvy, Loss of appetitie, delayed healing
Vitamin D (calciferol)-200 IU
Formation of bones and teethin children,CA,P
Milk, Fish, liver oil, egg (on exposure to sunlight, the body also synthesizes vit.D
Rickets and Weak Bones
Adults-Osteomalacia
Vitamin E(tocopherol)-Assist Cell Development
Green leafy vegetables, milk, butter, tomato
Sterility,Muscular Weakness
Vitamin K-Helps clotting of Blood- produces prothrombine
(Vit.K is also synthesized in the body) it is necessary for blood coagulation)
Haemorrhage
HUMAN DISEASES
1.Communicable infectious diseases:
These are caused by the attack of micro organisms (Pathogens) such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoans. Transmitted from one person to another by means of air, water, food, physical contact and insects.
2.Non-Communicable (Non-Infectious) Diseases:Do not spread – Due to nutritional deficiencysuch as diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, cancer, etc.
3.COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Disease
Virus
Symptoms
1.Malaria
Protozoan parasite Plaswmodium. Bite of an insect vector female anopheles
Headache, nausea, muscular pains and high fever
2.Influenza (Flu)
Myxovirus influenzae
Sneezing, coughing, fever etc.
3.Jaundice
Hepatitis
High temperature, headache and joint pains
4.Rabies (Hydrophobia)
Rabies virus
Severe headache, high fever and painful contraction of muscles of throat and chest.
5.Aids
Retrovirus-HIV
Swollen lymph nodes, Haemorrhage, fever, sweating at night, weight loss and severe damagte to brain which may lead to loss of memory, ability to speak and even think.
6.Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Lung (Pulmonary) T.B.:
Persistent cough and produces blood-stained sputum. Loss of weight, weakness, Chest pain and breathlessness
Lymph Gland T.B: Swelling and tenderness of lymph glands.
7.Cholera
Bacterium Vibrio cholerae
Watery diarrhoea, effortless vomiting and Eyes become shunken.
8.Typhoid
Bacteria Salmonella typhi
Headache and typhoid fever which rise to the maximum in the afternoon.
9.Diarrhoea
Protozoa and viruses
Frequent loose motions and vomiting. Eyes appear sunken, nose is pinched, tongue and inner side of the cheeks appear dry and weak pulse.
10.Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
Cutaneous(skin), inhalation anhjd gastrointestinal.
4.NUTRITIONAL DISODERS
Disease then
Deficiency
1.Marasmus
Proteins and total food calories.
2.Kwashiorkor
Severe protein deficiency.
3.Anaemia
Iron
4.Goitre
Iodine
5.Xerophthalmia
Vitamin A
6.Rickets
Vitamin-D
7.Beri-Beri
Vitamin-B
8.Pellagra
Vitamin B
9.Scurvy
Vitamin-C
Vitamin
Daily requirement/uses
Sources
Deficiency diseases
Vitamin A (Retinol)-
600 ųg-Excess Growth-stop mensuration
Green leafy vegetables, carrot, fish liver oil, liver
Night blindness.(Nyctalopia) SlkinDryness,
Xerophthalmia
Vitamin Bı(thiamine
1.2 mg (boys) 1.0 mg(girls)
Nerve Regulation
Milk, seafood, soyabean, whole cereals, green vegetables
Beriberi,Mascular weakness, swelling of heart
Vitamin B2(riboflavin)
1.6. mg (boys)1.4 mg(girls)
Maintenance of MuscousMembrane
Milk, peas, beans, yeast, meat, egg, green leafy vegetables
SkinLesions- Mouth Ulcer
vitamin B3(niacin)-16 mg(boys) 14 mg (girls)
Oxidative Metabolism of cells Meat, fish, fowl, potato, wholegrain, tomato, groundnut, green vegetables.
Pellagra
Folic acid-B6 Pyridoxine 50-100 mg
Green leafy vegetables, sprouted pulses
Skin Disorder, kidney stones
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
0.2-1.0 ųg
FormationofRBCFunction for nervous system
Meat, liver, milk
Aneamia
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)-
40 mg
Resists infection Citrus fruits, especially amla, lime, lime, lemon, orange, gooseberry, guava Scurvy, Loss of appetitie, delayed healing
Vitamin D (calciferol)-200 IU
Formation of bones and teethin children,CA,P
Milk, Fish, liver oil, egg (on exposure to sunlight, the body also synthesizes vit.D
Rickets and Weak Bones
Adults-Osteomalacia
Vitamin E(tocopherol)-Assist Cell Development
Green leafy vegetables, milk, butter, tomato
Sterility,Muscular Weakness
Vitamin K-Helps clotting of Blood- produces prothrombine
(Vit.K is also synthesized in the body) it is necessary for blood coagulation)
Haemorrhage
HUMAN DISEASES
1.Communicable infectious diseases:
These are caused by the attack of micro organisms (Pathogens) such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoans. Transmitted from one person to another by means of air, water, food, physical contact and insects.
2.Non-Communicable (Non-Infectious) Diseases:Do not spread – Due to nutritional deficiencysuch as diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, cancer, etc.
3.COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Disease
Virus
Symptoms
1.Malaria
Protozoan parasite Plaswmodium. Bite of an insect vector female anopheles
Headache, nausea, muscular pains and high fever
2.Influenza (Flu)
Myxovirus influenzae
Sneezing, coughing, fever etc.
3.Jaundice
Hepatitis
High temperature, headache and joint pains
4.Rabies (Hydrophobia)
Rabies virus
Severe headache, high fever and painful contraction of muscles of throat and chest.
5.Aids
Retrovirus-HIV
Swollen lymph nodes, Haemorrhage, fever, sweating at night, weight loss and severe damagte to brain which may lead to loss of memory, ability to speak and even think.
6.Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Lung (Pulmonary) T.B.:
Persistent cough and produces blood-stained sputum. Loss of weight, weakness, Chest pain and breathlessness
Lymph Gland T.B: Swelling and tenderness of lymph glands.
7.Cholera
Bacterium Vibrio cholerae
Watery diarrhoea, effortless vomiting and Eyes become shunken.
8.Typhoid
Bacteria Salmonella typhi
Headache and typhoid fever which rise to the maximum in the afternoon.
9.Diarrhoea
Protozoa and viruses
Frequent loose motions and vomiting. Eyes appear sunken, nose is pinched, tongue and inner side of the cheeks appear dry and weak pulse.
10.Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
Cutaneous(skin), inhalation anhjd gastrointestinal.
4.NUTRITIONAL DISODERS
Disease then
Deficiency
1.Marasmus
Proteins and total food calories.
2.Kwashiorkor
Severe protein deficiency.
3.Anaemia
Iron
4.Goitre
Iodine
5.Xerophthalmia
Vitamin A
6.Rickets
Vitamin-D
7.Beri-Beri
Vitamin-B
8.Pellagra
Vitamin B
9.Scurvy
Vitamin-C
--
with warm regards
Harish Sati
Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068
(M) + 91 - 9990646343 | (E-mail) Harish.sati@gmail.com
--
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