On Dec 24, 3:21 pm, Ankit Kapoor <ankitk...@gmail.com> wrote:
> sir, plz sent me english reasoning question paper of previous exam for LDC
> job...
>
> read more »
>
> On 12/23/09, Harish Sati <harish.s...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>
>
>
>
> >  ECONOMICS-(BANKING)<http://objectivegk.blogspot.com/2008/06/economics-banking.html>
> > BANKING
>
> > 1.Money market It refers to borrowing and lending. 2 parts organized and
> > unorganized sector – Organized sector are State Bank, 7 associated banks, 19
> > Nationalised banks, RRB, Co-operative Banks, Non Governmental sector and
> > other Banks. Unorganized includes the moneylenders and indigenous bankers.
>
> > 2.Development of Indian Banking: Bank of Hindusthan 1779 was first bank at
> > Calcuttaunder European management-Bank of Bengal 1806 , Bank of Bombay 1840,
> > bank of Madras 1843, were called Presidency banks. 1881- First Bank with
> > limited liability to be managed by Indian Board namely the Oudh Commercial
> > bank- 1894- First purely Indian bank was Punjab National bank- Later
> > Imperial bank 1921 by amalgamating the Presidency banks. RBI created in
> > 1935- nationalized in 1949 – Imperial Bank, renamed as SBI in 1955- 14 Banks
> > (50 crores) nationalized6-96 Banks (2 00crores) nationalized 1980 – N.B.I.
> > merged with P.N.B. in 1993.
>
> > 3.R.B.I: It has Governor and Board of Directors apart from Central Board 4
> > local boards. It has following functions: -
>
> > Functions:
>
> > 1.Issue of Notes: followed Minimum Reserve System(MRS) –
>
> > 200 Crore(115Crore gold+85Crore foreign exchange etc.)
>
> > 2.Banker , Agent and Adviser to the Govt
>
> > 3.Banker's Bank : Banking Regulation Act 1949 - Lender to the last
> > resort.(loan to Commerlised Bank)
>
> > 4.Controller of Credit & money supply
>
> > (i)Quantitative: Bank Rate, open Market operation, statutory Liquidity
> > Ratio (SLR), Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR
>
> > (ii)Qualitative (or) Selective: since 1956
>
> > 1)Rationing of Credit 2)Regulation of Consumer credit
>
> > 3)Variation in margin requirements.
>
> > 4)Fixation of maximum limit of Credit given for a Special purpose.
>
> > 5)Discriminatory interest rates on some special types of advances
>
> > 5.Custodian of Foreign Reserves: RBI buys & sells the foreign currencies
>
> > 6.Collecting and publishing the economic data.
>
> > 7. Buying and selling of Govt. securities and trade bills
>
> > 8.Representing the Govt in IMF.
>
> > 9.Giving loans to the Govt to buying and selling of valuable commodities
> > etc.
>
> > 4.Techniques in credit control:
>
> > (a) Quantitative and Qualitative Credit Control – Bank rate - SLR, CRR,
> > open marker operations etc., and variation in margin requirements publicity
> > etc.,
>
> > (b)Qualitative or Selective Credit Control 1956 – 3 points -fixing margin
> > requirements- maximum limit of credit and different interest rates.
>
> > 5.Priority sectors: (a) Houses for slum, credit to formers for purchase,
> > ordinary retailers etc., shall be given priority at least 40% to them (b)
> > Differential rate of interest – less interest 4% rate for weaker sections.
> > It is for those whose income not more than per annum 6400/7200 in Rural and
> > Urban areas- for lands less than – 2.5-acres/1 acre non irrigated and
> > irrigated land respectively. (c) New strategy for rural lending – 1987
> > service area approach.
>
> > 6.Mid Term Monetary and credit policy – 2005-2006.
>
> > (The Reserve Bank of India in its mid-term review of the Monetary & Credit
> > Policy for the year 2005-06 on Tuesday kept the bank rate unchanged at 6 per
> > cent.However, as expected, in view of the current macroeconomic and over all
> > monetary conditions, the reverse repo rate has been increased by 25 basis
> > points with effect from October 26, 2005 to 5.25 per cent from the current
> > level of 5 per cent. The cash reserve ratio (CRR) kept unchanged at 5 per
> > cent. Accordingly, the fixed repo rate under Liquidity Adjustment Facility
> > would be 6.25 per cent with effect from October 26, 2005
>
> > (7) IMD- operated by SBI for NRI – 5 years – different interest rates -
> > loan available.
>
> > 8.5C Formula for Banks: Challenge, competition, credit, customer and
> > control prescribed by Ministry of Finance
>
> > 10 Scheduled Banks (i) Paid up capital not less than 5 lakhs and activity
> > will not affect interest of depositors.(ii)It has following
> > facilities:-1.Eligible to get loan from RBI 2.Membership of clearing house
> > 3. get rediscount in exchange bills
>
> > (b) Non Scheduled banks – not included in scheduled but to follow CRR
> > conditions but no deposit with RBI and not eligible for loan from RBI.
>
> > 9)Indian Banks Abroad: Bank of Baroda has the highest with 38 branches and
> > SBI with 22 branches and Bank of India have 18 branches. In U.K. 19 branches
> > and Fiji 9 branches.
>
> > 10.New Banks in Private Sector:Created from 2000 based on Narasimham
> > Committee – important are UTI, IIBL, ICIC, HDFC and IDBI. Amas Bank is the
> > first private bank established Europe by Indian National in 1994 and Hinduja
> > Group has established it at Geneva – Local Area Banks in private sector
> > allowed by RBI in A.P, Maharashtra and Karnataka.
>
> > 11. Co-operative Banks: It has 3 tier - state and district primary.
>
> > 12. Regional Rural Banks (RRB)®1975 established under RRB Act 1976
>
> > Capital Source: Central Govt. 50% , State Govt. 15%,
>
> > Sponsered Public Sector Commercial Bank 35%
>
> > Objectives: 1)Rural Development especially in Remote Rural Areas
>
> > 2)loan to weaker section (concessional rate of interest) 3)mobilise rural
> > savings
>
> > *83% of branches in Rural Areas (except Sikkim)
>
> > *since 1987, no new RRB has been opened (Kelkar committee)
>
> > increased capital Rs.25 lakh to 1 Crore
>
> > 1994-95 M.C.Bhandari Committee: to invest NON – SLR surplus fund in
> > profitable areas
>
> > 1995-96 –K.Basu Committee: Re-organisation of selected RRB's
>
> > Narasimham committee recommended to give more freedom to RRB
>
> > 13. Committees: 1.Narasimham committee 1991 financial reforms.
>
> > b. Goiporria Committee – 1990 – improvement of consumer service in banking
>
> > c.Janakiraman Committee – 1992 high-level enquiry on irregularities in
> > securities.
>
> > d.J.P.C. Shares scam in 1992. (e) Chandrashekar Committee: 1997 transfer of
> > shares. (f) Pherwani Committee: 1991 established National Stock Exchange.
>
> > 14.Banking Ombudsman – RBI introduced 1995 – 11 already appointed all
> > except RRB included. Time limit one month.
>
> > 15) Commercial Banks
>
> > A)Scheduled Banks :
>
> > 1)Listed in 2nd scheduled of RBI Act 1934 2)Paid up capital not less than
> > Rs.5lakhs 3)Any Activity of the bank will not adversely affect the interest
> > of depositors.
>
> > B) Facilities: 1)Eligible for obtaining debts/Loans on BR from RBI
>
> > 2)Membership of clearing house 3)Rediscount of first class exchange bills
> > from RBI
>
> > C).Non-Scheduled Banks.: 1.Not listed in the 2nd Schedule2)No. of NSBs are
> > continuously declining 3)CRR condition must be followed
>
> > 4)Not eligible for having loan from RBI But eligible in Emergency
> > conditions.
>
> > D)Nationaliation of Banks : *Jan 1st 1949 - RBI, * 1955-SBI
>
> > * July 19th 1969 - 14 large commercial banks whose reserves were more than
> > Rs.50 Crore.
>
> > *1980 April 15 – 6 Private Sector banks whose reserves were more than
> > Rs.200crore.]
>
> > *1993 the New Bank of India (1980) merged with Punjab National Bank(1969)
>
> > *Totally 28banks are nationalised
>
> > E)Co-operative Banks (State list)
>
> > State co-operatiave banks(SCB) – state level, apex co-operative bank of the
> > stateCaptial Source: Refinance facility from RBI and shares & Loans
>
> > Central Co-operative banks(CCB or DCB): District level, Two types
>
> > I.Co-operative Banking union: Loans only to PACS
>
> > II.Mixed central Co-op Bank : Loans to Both PACS & individuals
>
> > Primary agricultural credit Societies(PACS) – Village level
>
> > 1. Provide short term loan(normally 1 year, Maximum 3years) 2.minimum 10
> > persons needed for establishment 3.No.of PACSdecreasing 4.Mobilise deposits
> > and savings
>
> > 16)Some important banking Institutions:
>
> > a) IDBI- 1964-To provide financial assistance to industrial enterprises and
> > to promote institutions engaged in industrial development.
>
> > b) IFCI: 1948 Act -To arrange medium and long term credit for varuois
> > industrial enterprises- 1993 corpn was converted into a company
>
> > c) ICICI: 1955-Developing medium and small industries –2002 merged with
> > ICICI Bank
>
> > d) UTI: 1964- Biggest mutual fund- people's savings and reinvestment. It
> > started UTI bank in 1994 at Ahenmedabad.
>
> > Various Funds of UTI: 1) India Fund-1986 (ii) India Growth Fund 1988 (iii)
> > India Access Fund 1997 (iv) India Debt Fund 1997 (v)Master Value- Index Fund
> > 2 in 1998.
>
> > e) EXIM bank: 1982- For financing, facilitating and promoting foreign trade
> > in India.
>
> > f) NHB: 1988-wholly owned by RBI.Apex institution for housing finance,
>
> > BANKING SURVEY POINTS- MOST IMPORTANT
>
> > BANKING 1M3 grew by 14 percent – last year 16.6% 2) BANK CREDIT sector
> > increase of 20.4 3)M0GREW 14.1 ­– LAST YEAR 16.7% 4)Total bank credit
> > increased by 14.2% 5) RIDF_ setup1995 1996 maintained By NABARD
> > _mainobjective to provide loans to state government 6)Kisan credit cards
> > 1998 99-operated through Co-operative bank commercial bank andRRB 414 lakhs
> > cards iissue, 4.35 Crores 7) Finance to self help gropu started in 1992-90%
> > to women group 8) AIFI-iicicimerged with ICICI Bank in march 2002-IDBI
> > Limitedand IDBI Bank merged – working group on development financing headed
> > by N.SATHASIVAM
>
> > --
> > with warm regards
>
> > Harish Sati
> > Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)
> > Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068
>
> > (M) + 91 - 9990646343 | (E-mail) Harish.s...@gmail.com
>
> > --
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