Chief Industries of the Countries
| Country | Industries |
| Afghanistan | Dry and fresh fruits, wool carpets |
| Australia | Wool, dairy products, meat |
| Austria | Textile, leather goods, electro-technical machines |
| Brazil | Foot wear, coffee, iron ore |
| Belgium | Glass, textiles, transport equipment |
| Canada | Newsprint, machinery |
| Chile | Copper, iron ore |
| Congo | Oil, tobacco, plywood |
| Cuba | Sugar, tobacco, textiles, chemicals |
| Denmark | Fur,farm products |
| France | Textile, wine, silk, iron and steel products |
| Germany | Machinery, chemicals, iron and steel products |
| Ghana | Cocoa, gold, coffee |
| India | Jute, textile, sugar, hides and skins, tobacco, tea, cement, mica |
| Indonesia | Sugar, spices, rubber, rice, petroleum, carpets, leather |
| Iran | Petroleum, carpets, dry fruits |
| Iraq | Dates, Petroleum |
| Italy | Mercury, textiles, foodstuffs, footwear |
| Japan | Machinery, textiles, toys, silk, automobiles, electronic goods |
| Kenya | Coffee, tea, meat, sisal, hides, skins, cement, soda ash |
| Kuwait | Petroleum, Shrimp |
| Malaysia | Rubber, tin, timber, petroleum |
| Netherlands | Machinery, natural gas, chemicals |
| Saudi Arabia | Oil, dates, petroleum and its products |
| Spain | Lead, fresh fruits, textiles |
| Sweden | Matches, timber, iron ore |
| Switzerland | Watches, chemicals, electrical |
| Taiwan | Camphor, rice |
| UK | Textiles, medicines, machinery cars |
| USA | Petroleum, wheat, machinery, coal, automobiles, iron, grains |
| Russia | Petroleum, wheat, chemicals, heavy machinery, iron, gold |
| Vietnam | Tin, rice, rubber, teak, mineral ores |
FAMOUS TOWNS in WORLD
| Name | Famous For |
| No 10, Downing Street | Official residence of the British Prime Minister. |
| Abadan(Iran) | Famous for oil refinery |
| Alaska (U.S.A.) | In 1958 it was declared as 49th State of U.S.A. It is near Canada |
| Alexandria | City and sea-port of Egypt, founded by Alexander the Great. Handles about 80% of the country's exports. |
| Angkor Wat | Ruined temple in Cambodia. Signposts of ancient oriental civilisation. |
| Aswam Dam | A dam in Egypt across the River Nile. |
| Baku | Oilfields of Azerbaijan. |
| Bastille | It was a Jail in Paris. Destroyed during the French Revolution. |
| Beding (Australia) | Famous for gold mines. |
| Bethlehem | A town Palestine, the birth place of Christ. |
| Bikini Atoll | In Pacific Ocean, where first hydrogen bomb was tested by U.S.A. |
| Bikini | An atoll of the Marshall Islands. Atomb Bomb was dropped here experimentally in 1948. |
| Bratislava | A town in Czechoslovakia on Czech-Russian border. |
| Buckingham Palace | London residence of the British monarch. |
| Chushul | In Ladakh, highest airfield in the world. Chinese troops attacked it in 1962. |
| Corsica | An island where Napoleon was born. |
| Detroit (U.S.A) | The biggest car manufacturing town in the world. |
| Elephanta Caves (India) | Situated in an island 15 miles from Bombay. Famous for the statues of Siva and Parvati. |
| Fleet Street | Press Center in London. |
| Gaza Strip | In Egypt near Israeli border, was seat of United nations Emergency Force till 1957. Now under Israeli occupation. |
| Gibraltar | Key to Mediterranean, fortress and novel base situated on rock in the extreme South of Spain. |
| Golden Temple (India) | Famous temple of the Sikhs at Amritsar, constructed by Guru Ram Dass. |
| Hiroshima | An industrial center of Japan which was destroyed by atom bomb in 1945. |
| Hollywood (California. U.S.A.) | Famous for film industry |
| Hyde Park | A huge park in London. |
| Jerusalem | City in Israel. Jesus Christ was crucified here (now capital of Israel) |
| Khajuraho | It is the State of chattarpur, Bundelkhand in Madhya Pradesh. It is famous for Mahadev Temple. |
| Khorkov | Important town of Ukraine, manufactures motor cars, tractors and agricultural machinery. |
| Lop Nor | Palace in Sinkiang (Red China), site for atomic tests. |
| Los Angeles A part of California (U.S.A.) | The famous film industry of Hollywood is established here. It is famous as Cinima City of the world. |
| Lusaka | Venue of non-aligned nations summit in September 1970. Capital of Zambia. |
| Manchester (U.K.) | Cotton manufacturing city. It is one of the world's biggest cloth manufacturing center. |
| Marseilles | City and Seaport of Southern France. Famous for silk, wine, olive soap, margarine and candles. |
| Mecca (Saudi Arabia) | Sacred place of the Muslims because Prophet Mohammed was born here. |
| Montreal | Longest city of Canada. Famous for iron and steel works and motor car factories. |
| Nagasaki (Japan) | It is noted for its iron and steel industries. Atom was dropped here during World War II. |
| New Castle | An important port on the Tyne in England, famous for coal industry. |
| New Orleans (U.S.A.) | It is the greatest cotton and wheat exporting center in the world. |
| Osaka (Japan) | Known as the Manchester of Japan. It is sometimes called the Venice of Japan. |
| Pisa | In Italy, famous for Leaning Tower, one of the seven wonders of the world. |
| Pentagon | Headquarters of American Defence Forces. |
| Phnom-Penh | Capital of Cambodia. |
| Plais Des Nations | Venue in Geneva for holding international conferences. |
| Potala | Dalai Lama's palace at Lhasa (Tibet). |
| Sinai | Peninsula of Egypt between the Gulfs of Suez and Aquba, at the head of Red Sea. |
| Seychelles | Island in Indian Ocean, got freedom on June 28, 1976. |
| Sodom | In Israel, the lowest point on earth. |
| Vatican | Official residence of the Pope of Rome. |
| Versaillers (France) | Famous for the treaty of Versailles which ended World War I in 1918. |
| Vienna | Capital of Austria. The venue of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) between Russia and U.S.A. |
| Walling Wall | Part of the Western Wall of the Temple Court in Jerusalem. Part of the wall, probably dates from the time of Solomon, is regarded by both Jews and Moslems as one of special sanctity. |
| Wall Street | In Manhattan, New York, famous for American's stock exchange market. |
| White House | The official residence of the President of U.S.A. in Washington D.C. |
| Zurich (Switzerland) | Famous for the manufacture of cotton and silk and for its lenses. |
FAMOUS PLACES IN WORLD
| Place | Famous For |
| AUROVILLE | UNESCO sponsored world's first international town near Pondichery in Tamil Nadu named after Aurobindo Ghose. The town with an area of 15sq. miles and a population of 50,000 will be a self-supporting township having gour zones, viz., cultural, industrial, residential and international. It was inaugurated on February 28,1963. |
| ABU SIMBAL (U.S.A.) | A monument executed by UNSCO in Egypt, the famous temple at Nybia (Egypt) was facing submergence as result of the construction of Aswan Dam. UNSCO has reconstructed it at a cost of 36 million dollars and was inaugurated on 12th Sept. 1968. |
| ADAM'S BRIDGE | Sand and rock bridge between Sri Lanka and India. Legent has is that was constructed by Lord Rama when he was in invade Lanka of Ravana. |
| ALICE SPRINGS (Australia) | Spring with medicinal properties. |
| BIG BEN | Name given to the big clock of the British Parliament building. |
| BILLING'S GATE | London fish market. As a term, it means foul language. |
| DODOMA | This is going to be the new capital of Tanzania in place of Dar-es-Salam. |
| EIFFEL TOWER | 985 feet high tower in Paris build by Gustav Effel in 1887-89 at a cost of 2,00,000 |
| ELBA | An isolated island in the Meduterranean Sea, where Napoleon was exiled in 1841. |
| ELLORA | Famous for rock-pruned Kailash Temple (Aurangabad) in Maharashtra. An exquisite piece of Dravidian art. Ellora cave temples, 34 in number, present a blend of caves representing Buddhism and Jainism constructed in 8th century A.D. |
| ELYSEE PALACE | Official residence of the President of France. It was the venue of Paris Peace parleys on Vietnam. |
| EMPIRE STATE BUILDING (U.S.A) | World's one of the loftiest structures. It has 103 storeys and a height of 1200 feet. |
| ESCURIAL | One of the longest palaces in Spain. |
TOWNS ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIES
| TOWN | STATE | INDUSTRY |
| Aliabet | Gujarat | Oil Well |
| Alwaye | Kerala | Aluminium, Monazite; Rare Earth's Factory |
| Ambarnath | Maharashtra | Machine Tools Prototype Factory |
| Anand | Gujarat | Amul Butter, Cheese and Baby Food |
| Arvi (near Pune) | Maharashtra | TV Reception Station; Satellite Communication |
| Avadi, Chennai | Tamil Nadu | Heavy Vehicles; 'Vijayanta'Tank |
| Bailadila | Madhya Pradesh | Iron ore; Machanised mine |
| Barauni | Bihar | Oil Refinery |
| Baroda | Gujarat | Heavy Water Plant |
| Basti | Uttar Pradesh | Fruit Research |
| Bhadravati | Karnataka | Alloy Steel |
| Bhandara | Maharashtra | Explosives |
| Bhatinda | Punjab | Thermal Plant |
| Bhestan | Gujarat | Nylon |
| Bhilai | Madhya Pradesh | Steel Plant |
| Bhopal | Madhya Pradesh | Heavy Electricals |
| Bodra | West Bengal | Oil |
| Bokajan | Assam | Cement Plant |
| Bokaro | Bihar | Steel Plant |
| Burnpur and Kulti | West Bengal | Iron and Steel |
| Cambay | Gujarat | Petroleum |
| Chandiharh | The Capital of Punjab and Haryana | The beautiful City designed by late Mons. Corbusier |
| Chandrapura | Bihar | Thermal Power |
| Chittaranjan | West Bengal | Locomotive |
| Cochain | Kerala | Shipbuilding |
| Debari (near Udaipur) | Rajasthan | Zinc |
| Dhuvaran | Gujarat | Thermal Power |
| Doiwala (near Dehra Dun) | U.P | Satellite Earth Station |
| Durgapur | West Bengal | Steel Plant; Dry Ice |
| Ennore | Tamil Nadu | Thermal POwer |
| Ernakulam | Kerala | Cables |
| Gomia | Bihar | Explosives |
| Gopalpur-on-Sea | Orrisa | Guided Missiles Centre |
| Haldia | West Bengal | Oil Refinery |
| Harduaganj | Uttar Pradesh | Thermal Power |
| Hissar | Haryana | Indo-Australian Shep-Farm |
| Hoshangabad | Madhya Pradesh | Security Paper Mill |
| Hyderabad | Andhra Pradesh | HTM Hydraulic Press |
| Jabalpur | Madhya Pradesh | Vehicles-"Shakti-man" and "Nissan" |
| Jaduguda | Bihar | Uranium ore Mill |
| Jalsindhi | Maharashtra | Hydroelectric |
| Jawalamukhi | Himachal Pradesh | Petroleum |
| Jetsar | Rajasthan | Mrchanized Farm |
Changed Names of Important Countries, States & Places
| OLD NAME | CHANGED NAME |
|---|---|
| Abyssinia | Ethiopia |
| Angora | Ankara |
| Basutoland | Lesotho |
| Batavia | Djakarta |
| Burma | Mayanmar |
| Bechuanaland | Botswana |
| British Guiana | Guyana |
| Combodia | Kampuchea |
| Cape Canaveral | Cape Kennedy |
| Ceylon | Sri Lanka |
| Christina | Oslo |
| Congo | Zaire |
| Constantinople | Istanbul |
| Dacca | Dhaka |
| Dutch East Indies | Indonesia |
| Dutch Guiana | Surinam |
| Formosa | Taiwan |
| Gold Coast | Ghana |
| Hollad | The Netherlands |
| Japan | Nippon |
| Malaya | Malaysia |
| Manchukuo | Manchuri |
| Mesopotamia | Iraq |
| Northern Rhodesia | Zambia |
| Nyasaland | Malawi |
| Peking (China) | Beijing |
| Persia | Iran |
| Rangoon | Yongon |
| Rhodesia | Zimbabwe |
| Salisbury | Harare |
| Sam | Thailand |
| South-West Africa | Namibia |
| Thanganyika Zanzibar | Tanzania |
SOBRIQUESTS
| PRIMARY NAMES | SOBRIQUETS |
| Aberdeen, Scotland | The Granite City |
| Africa | The Dark Continent |
| Amristsar, India | The City of the Golden Temple |
| Atlantic Ocean | The Herring Pond |
| Australia | The Land of the Golden Fleece, The Land of the Kangaroo |
| Bab-el-mandab | The Gate of Tears |
| Banrain | Island of Pearls |
| Bangalore, India | The Garden City of India |
| Belgium | The Cockpit of Europe |
| Belgtade, Yugoslavia | White City |
| Bombay, India | The Gateway of India |
| Broadway, New York | The Great White Way |
| Burma (Mayanmar) | The Land of the Golden Pagoda |
| Calcutta, India | The City of Palaces |
| Canada | The Land of Lilies, The Land of Maple |
| Chicago, USA | Windy City |
| Cochin, India | The Venice of the East, The Queen of the Arabian Sea |
| Cuba | The Pearl of the Antilles |
| Egypt | The Gift of the Nile |
| Finland | The Land of Thousand Lakes |
| Gibraltar | The key of the Mediterranean |
| Guinea Coast | White Man's Grave |
| River Hwang Ho, china | The Sorrow of China |
| Ireland | The Emerald Island |
| Jaipur | The Rose Pink City |
ORIGINAL NAMES WITH ABBREVIATED OR ALTERNATIVE NAMES
| Acharya Rajneesh:Osho Adam Smith: Father of Economics Adolf Hitler: Fuhrer (also fuehrer) Alfred Hitchcock: Master of Suspense Andrei D. Sakharov: Father of the (Soviet) Hydrogen Bomb Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Lokmanya; Father of Indian Unrest Bhagat Singh: Shahid - e - Azam C. Rajagopalachari: C.R. Rajaji C.F. Andrews: Deenabandhu C.N. Annadurai: Anna Chittaranjan Das: Deshbandhu Dadabhai Naoroji: Grand Old Man of India; Father of Indian Politics and Economics. Dadasaheb Phalke: Father of Indian Cinema. Duke of Wellington: Iron Duke. Dwight David Eisenhower: lke Edmund Spencer: Poets' Poet Eivis Presley; Elvis the Pelvis Ernest Rutherford: Father of Nuclear Physics. Erwin Rammel: Desert Fax. Florence Nightingale: Lady with the Lamp. Geoffrey Chaucer: Father of English Poetry. George Bernard Show: 'G.B.S' Giovanni Baccaccio: Father of the Novel Gurcharan Singh: Ground Old Man of Indian Pottery, Daddyji. Henrik J. Ibsen: Father of Modern Drama Herodotus: Father of History Hippocrates: Father of Medicine Homi J. Bhabha: Father of Indian Nuclear Science Indira Gandhi: Iron Lady of India J.R.D. Tata: Father of Civil Aviation in India. Jamshedji Tata: Father of Indian Industry Jawaharlal Nehru: Chacha; Panditji Jayaprakash Narayan: 'J.P'; Loknayak Joan of Arc: Maid of Orleans Joseph Priestley: Father of Soda Pop; Father of Modern Chemistry K.M. Cariappa: Kipper, Grand Old Man of Indian Army. K.V. Puttappa: Kuvempu Kalidas: Indian Shakespeare, Shakespeare of India Kato Ichire: Dr. Robot. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan: Badshah Khan; Frantier Gandhi; Fakhre-e Afghan, Lala Lajpat Rai: Punjab Kesari (Lion of the Punjab or Sher-e-Punjab) M.F. Robespierre: The Incorruptible M.K. Gandhi: Bapu; Mahatma; Father of the Nation. M.S. Golwalkar: Guruji Madan Mohan Malaviya: Mahamana Nandlal Base: Father of Modern Painting in India. Napoleon Bonaparte: Little Corporol; Man of Density. Otto Von Bismarck: Man of Blood and Iron; Iron Chancellor Queen Elizabeth I; Maiden Queen Rabindranath Tagore: Gurudev Rajinder Singh: Sparrow Raja Rammohan Roy: Father of Indian Renaissance. Richard Cobden: Apostle of Free Trade Samudragupta: Indian Napoleon. S. Sathyamurthi: Firebrand of South India Salim Ali: The Birdman of India Sarojini Naidu: Nightingale of India Shakti Chattapadhyaya: Robert Frost of West Bengal. Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah: Lion of Kashmir (Sher-e-Kashmir) Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Bangabandhu St. Nicholas: Santa Claus Subhash Chandra Bose: Netaji Susruta: Father of Modern Plastic Surgery T.T. Krishnamachari: T.T.K.' Tanguturi Prakasam: Andhra Kesari Tenzing Norgay: Tiger of Snows Thomas Cook: Father of Modern Tourism Thomas Edward Lawrence: Lawrence of Arabia Tushar Kanti Ghosh; Grand Old Man of Indian Journalism Vallabhbhai Patel: Iron Man of India, Bismarck of India. Vinoba Bhave: Acharya V.M. Basheer: Sultan of Beypore Walter Scott: Wizard of the North William Ewart Gladstone: Grand Old Man of British Politics. William Pitt: The Younger Pitt, Grand Commoner William Shakespeare: Bard of Avon. |
--
with warm regards
Harish Sati
Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068
(M) + 91 - 9990646343 | (E-mail) Harish.sati@gmail.com
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